{"id":1859,"date":"2025-01-11T18:50:36","date_gmt":"2025-01-11T18:50:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.gilwro.fr\/19eSiecle\/?p=1859"},"modified":"2025-02-01T15:44:25","modified_gmt":"2025-02-01T15:44:25","slug":"exposition-universelle-londres-1851-crystal-palace-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.gilwro.fr\/19eSiecle\/exposition-universelle-londres-1851-crystal-palace-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Exposition universelle de Londres 1851"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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Cette premi\u00e8re exposition universelle permettait \u00e0 la Grande Bretagne et tous les pays participant de pr\u00e9senter leurs innovations en pleine r\u00e9volution industrielle.<\/strong>
De nombreux \u00e9difices construits pour cette grande manifestation sont toujours en activit\u00e9 aujourd\u2019hui.<\/strong>
245 architectes r\u00e9pondirent \u00e0 l\u2019appel du projet.<\/strong>
Le choix final s\u2019arr\u00eata sur un \u00e9difice en verre un peu comme une serre avec une armature en fer.<\/strong>
Le Crystal Palace de Joseph Paxton avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retenu.<\/strong>
L’\u00e9difice ne devait avoir de murs que jusqu’\u00e0 la hauteur du premier \u00e9tage et \u00e0 partir de l\u00e0 devait \u00eatre tout fer et en verre.\u00a0
<\/span>Cette construction enthousiasma les contemporains. Sous ces vo\u00fbtes de verre, gr\u00e2ce aux v\u00e9lums, aux ventilateurs et aux fontaines jaillissantes on jouissait d’une fra\u00eecheur d\u00e9licieuse. <\/strong>
Ce magnifique palais fut construit en moins de six mois.<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"Exposition\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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D\u00e8s l\u2019ouverture en raison de l\u2019engouement du public et de la presse, des trains sp\u00e9ciaux se sont mis en place et aux quatre coins de la Grande Bretagne les habitants se sont d\u00e9plac\u00e9s pour d\u00e9couvrir cette multitude d\u2019exposants et les cultures du monde entier.<\/strong><\/p>

Anectode<\/span> : Pour la premi\u00e8re fois les gens devait d\u00e9bourser un penny pour utiliser les toilettes ( 600 000 pennies furent r\u00e9colt\u00e9s).<\/strong><\/p>

L’entr\u00e9e automatis\u00e9e de l’exposition<\/span>
Extrait de la revue des deux mondes \u00ab\u00a0Le tout du monde \u00e0 l’exposition de Londres\u00a0\u00bb
<\/em>Un \u00e9norme portique s’ouvre devant vous. Dans cette large entr\u00e9e, qui est l\u00e0 pour la forme, on a \u00e9tabli, pour \u00e9viter tout encombrement, une douzaine de petites portes en drap rouge, ne donnant passage qu’\u00e0 une seule personne \u00e0 la fois. Sur ces portes, il est \u00e9crit qu’on ne vous donne pas de monnaie et que vous devez tenir votre argent pr\u00eat \u00e0 la main; vous vous introduisez dans cette \u00e9troite entr\u00e9e, aussit\u00f4t un ressort de fer vous prend \u00e0 la taille, vous arr\u00eate; vous jetez votre shilling sur un comptoir, le ressort tourne, vous l\u00e2che, et sans avoir dit un mot, sans que personne vous ait adress\u00e9 la parole, vous vous trouvez avoir p\u00e9n\u00e9tr\u00e9, par la plus mesquine de toutes les portes, dans le plus immense espace couvert qu’homme ait jamais entrevu ou r\u00eav\u00e9.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Un peu d\u2019histoire<\/strong><\/span>
Au 19\u00e8me si\u00e8cle, la Grande Bretagne est le pays le plus puissant du monde et le premier \u00e0 entrer dans la<\/strong>
r\u00e9volution industrielle.<\/strong>
Elle domine un immense empire sur les 5 continents. D\u00e8s le 17\u00e8me si\u00e8cle, l\u2019Inde repr\u00e9sente le fer de lance de l\u2019Empire Britannique en raison de son industrie et son agriculture. Une colonisation au d\u00e9triment d\u2019une population tr\u00e8s pauvre et maltrait\u00e9e.<\/strong>
En 1851, l\u2019Angleterre comptait 22 millions d\u2019habitants<\/strong>
Londres 2, 286 millions d\u2019habitants<\/strong>
Les chemins de fer\u00a0: Les 1ers essais de voie ferr\u00e9 eurent lieu en Angleterre en 1738<\/strong>
1825 : Ouverture de la 1\u00e8re ligne.<\/strong>
En 1851, 85 millions de billets ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9livr\u00e9s sur les \u00eeles Britanniques<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Dates\u00a0<\/strong>: 1er mai au 15 septembre 1851
Th\u00e8me\u00a0<\/strong>: La grande exposition
Superficie\u00a0<\/strong>: 10.40ha
Visiteurs\u00a0<\/strong>: 6 millions
Pays participants<\/strong>\u00a0: 34
14 000 exposants<\/strong>\u00a0dont la moiti\u00e9 sont du Royaume-Uni et ses colonies.
La France sera pr\u00e9sente avec 1 692 exposants.
El\u00e9ment marquant<\/strong>\u00a0: Le Crystal Palace
Plus de 100 000 objets expos\u00e9s : Machines et inventions m\u00e9caniques, mati\u00e8res premi\u00e8res, produits
manufactur\u00e9s, l\u2019art.
Invention majeure<\/strong>: T\u00e9l\u00e9graphe
Bilan de l\u2019exposition<\/strong>\u00a0: 186 000 livres de b\u00e9n\u00e9fice<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Les pr\u00e9mices de la premi\u00e8re exposition universelle<\/span>
<\/strong>Source:Essai historique sur les expositions universelles de paris\u00a0 Adolphe D\u00e9my 1907\u00a0\u00a0
<\/em>Les expositions nationales existaient depuis longtemps mais c’est en 1849 en Angleterre que l’id\u00e9e d’une exhibition internationale fut \u00e9mis sous la direction du prince Albert, mari de la reine Victoria.<\/strong>
La France fut inform\u00e9e et envoya son adh\u00e9sion<\/strong>
En mars 1850, un banquet offert \u00e0 Mansion House aux hauts fonctionnaires, aux ambassadeurs \u00e9trangers, aux commissaires de l’Exposition, aux maires de deux cents villes, pr\u00e9sidait par le prince Albert exposa l’id\u00e9e directrice de l’Exposition.<\/strong>
N\u00e9anmoins le projet rencontrait de nombreux adversaires notamment de donner rendez-vous \u00e0 tous les mauvais sujets de l’Europe li\u00e9 \u00e0 tous les conflits de l’\u00e9poque.<\/strong>
Mais les pr\u00e9paratifs pour une exposition en 1851 se poursuivaient. un fonds de garantie de 200.000 livres sterling (5.000.000 francs) souscrit par les promoteurs de l’entreprise, avait assur\u00e9 les ressources n\u00e9cessaires. <\/strong>
Le concours de l’Etat s’\u00e9tait born\u00e9 \u00e0 pr\u00eater une partie de Hyde Park pour la construction du palais. <\/strong>
De nombreux projets furent propos\u00e9s mais en 1850, Architecte paysagiste et jardinier en chef, Joseph Paxton qui avait construit une serre gigantesque dans les jardins du duc de Devonshire, \u00e0 Ghattsworth fut retenu avec l’appui du prince Albert.<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Savez-vous que la France est \u00e0 l’origine des expositions universelle.<\/strong><\/h5>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Extrait du livre \u00ab\u00a0Champ\u00a0\u00bbde Mars 1751-1889\u00a0\u00bb

<\/em>L’id\u00e9e premi\u00e8re des expositions internationales est une id\u00e9e fran\u00e7aise; en 1849, elle avait \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9mise dans nos assembl\u00e9es d\u00e9lib\u00e9rantes. L’Angleterre s’est empress\u00e9e de la mettre \u00e0 profit et l’a appliqu\u00e9e en 1851.<\/h5>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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\"pdf\"<\/a><\/figure>

La revue des 2 mondes<\/a><\/h3>

1851. Tour du monde \u00e0 l'exposition universelle de Londres\n\n<\/p><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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VOIR AUSSI<\/strong>
Exposition universelle de Londres. 1851 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/a>Le Crystal Palace
<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Cette premi\u00e8re exposition universelle permettait \u00e0 la Grande Bretagne et tous les pays participant de pr\u00e9senter leurs innovations en pleine […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2022,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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